Annetta Maccioni & the Death of Frederick Butler

Daily Photo – Lake Forsyth on Banks Peninsula

If you stand on the shore of Lake Forsyth today and look up into the hills of Banks Peninsula, you’ll see the green slopes of Kinloch. Looking at those hills now, it’s hard to imagine that in the 1880s, this was thirteen thousand acres of curated Scottish hope.

Hugh Buchanan, a Scotsman with a memory for the Highlands, wasn’t just farming this area, he was recreating a lost home. But Kinloch didn’t end up in the history books for its merinos or its sixty-five miles of wire fencing, it became the site of a tragedy of historic proportions.

Annetta Maccioni was only nineteen, a daughter of Italian immigrants working as a housemaid at the Buchanan homestead. In those days, a job at Kinloch was a prestigious position which really meant heavy expectations and very little room for error. On April 27th, while dusting behind a heavy dressing-table mirror in the master bedroom, Annetta found a six-chambered revolver that belonged to Hugh Buchanan.  As Annetta handled the gun, Buchanan’s six-year-old son, Frederick, was playing nearby. In the space of a single click and a flash, everything changed. The gun fired and young Frederick was gone instantly.

The aftermath was a mess in many different ways. The local pub was turned into a makeshift courtroom, which feels strangely New Zealand, men drinking at the bar one minute and deciding a woman’s fate the next. While the jury ultimately saw it for what it was, a devastating accident returning a verdict of excusable homicide, the court of public opinion wasn’t so kind.

Frederick’s parents didn’t just grieve; they turned their pain into a weapon. They painted Annetta as a “darker” character, an outsider with a vindictive streak. The whispers in the surrounding settlements near Lake Forsyth were more like shouts, gossip that traveled faster than official news. Despite no evidence, she became a social pariah.

Left with little option, Annetta eventually vanished from the area, never seen near Lake Forsyth again.

Farm Field on the Outskirts of Tai Tapu

Daily Photo – Farm Field on the Outskirts of Tai Tapu

In Tai Tapu I called into a place called The Store, as I needed to use a bathroom. All the promotional advertisements outside promised a wonderful dining, coffee and shopping experience, so I assumed a place such as this would have the bathroom facilities I desired. Suddenly feeling an immense pressure in my bladder, ready to explode like the Clyde Dam spillway, I casually walked inside and immediately scanned the room for a sign indicating a bathroom.

As I quickly surveyed the room, not instantly seeing anything that resembled a bathroom sign, I became aware that about two dozen people all seemed to be staring at me, while a guy on an electric piano played New York State of Mind by Billy Joel. Clearly, I had walked into an afternoon music session, and the guest performer had been placed right on the edge of the dining room, within two or three metres of the front door. This meant that anyone entering the establishment like myself at this very minute immediately found themselves sharing centre stage with the afternoon’s entertainment. Feeling startled, and aware that everyone was now looking at me and not the talented guy on the piano, I did my best to casually stroll to the far side of the room, all the while trying not to knock anything over, ignore the steadily building pressure in my bladder, and desperately locate something that might resemble a bathroom. By sheer luck, I made it to the service counter, where a kind lady gave me a sympathetic smile and pointed towards an alcove at the far end of the room beside a patio. Above it was the word “Bathroom”, the doorway partially blocked by a family who were happily seated, swaying with their eyes closed in an impressive display of rhythmic timing.

Faced with an obstacle course between myself and relief, I spent the next few nanoseconds apologising as people shuffled their chairs to make way. At last, just as Moses parted the Red Sea, all the chairs suddenly moved aside and I had an unobstructed avenue to the bathroom. I was inside within seconds, and a very nice bathroom it was too. I was impressed, to say the least.

I emerged with a spring in my step and quietly exited via a side door I had not noticed. It opened onto the patio and into the car park. Feeling relaxed and once again at ease with the world, I climbed into my car and noticed a chalkboard sign that, due to my impressive display of angle parking, I had missed on arrival. It read, “Concert in progress. Please enter via the patio.” I left Tai Tapu in a sheepish frame of mind.

Moody Skies in Springston

Daily Photo – Moody Skies in Springston

I left State Highway 1 and headed for the small agricultural Canterbury towns of Springston and then Lincoln. The heavy, dark skies overhead were starting to close in and threaten rain. The day had been reasonably fine until this point, but the clouds above were dark and moody, giving the surrounding farm fields a gloomy feel. At one point I had it in mind to stop and go for a stroll, but I couldn’t find anything that looked appealing, so I simply pushed on to Tai Tapu.

Orari, The Canterbury Plains & The Southern Alps

Daily Photo – Orari, The Canterbury Plains & The Southern Alps

After Rakaia the scenery changed to vast areas of agricultural land, made up of an expansive network of patchwork fields, intensive dairy and sheep farming, and dramatic views of the Southern Alps. I was entering the Canterbury Plains, famous for the prevailing north-westerly winds that have slowly shaped trees and structures over decades. Everywhere I looked I was surrounded by flat pastures stretching towards distant tree lines under a heavy, overcast sky. I was separated from the busy highway by a simple wooden fence running along the edge of the grassy roadside.

Just when I thought the landscape was about to change, there were more expansive, flat farm fields bordered by wire fences. In the distance, farm buildings, lines of tall trees, more farm buildings and various other structures were dotted along the horizon. Every so often a dense line of tall trees, planted to act as windbreakers, bordered the fields, standing out against the thick layer of grey cloud hanging overhead.

Running parallel to this patchwork network of farmland was the Main South Line, keeping me company out of the passenger window and separating the agricultural plains from the Southern Alps, which sat silent and ominous on the edge of the horizon.

The Rakaia Graffiti Barn

Daily Photo – The Famous Rakaia Graffiti Barn

One of the great New Zealand traditions is that of the shed. It’s something that is deeply rooted in the culture of the country and is a place where some of the greatest technological advancements have taken place. It’s a space for innovation, relaxation, hobbies, projects, and tinkering and links directly to our “number eight wire” mentality. Generally speaking, the rule with a shed is that every property must have one and if you’re in a rural area, at some point you must abandon it and let the elements deal with it as it may. Then, after an appropriate timeframe, taggers will come along and use it as their personal canvas to write unintelligible things on it in bright neon-colours. 

On the way to Akaroa I passed a particularly popular shed on the main stretch of State Highway 1, a place where the graffiti changes so often it’s difficult to know whether you are looking at vandalism or a very aggressive exhibition schedule. It functions as an unofficial gallery for street artists, a sort of living canvas with no opening hours and no curator. The thing about graffiti, of course, is that it’s illegal and surprisingly difficult to deny responsibility once your work has been identified. In late 2025, a 23-year-old North Canterbury man was arrested in connection with more than 500 tags across Canterbury and Otago, a body of work that included public bridges, toilets, walls, rubbish bins, walkways, light posts, former gun emplacements, train tracks, water tanks, and drainage pipes. Proving himself to be, if nothing else, committed to his art.

The Amazing Colours of Pareora Beach

Daily Photo – The Amazing Colours of Pareora Beach

There is a specific kind of magic in the “in-between” places on New Zealand’s State Highway 1. Before reaching Oamaru, I decided not to join the busloads of people at the Moeraki Boulders and in Oamaru I detoured away from the white stone streets of the town. Just before Timaru, though, I saw a sign that read ‘Pareora’, a place about which I knew nothing and had never even heard of. No wonder. It is a tiny community tucked beside the Pacific Ocean, with a coastal landscape stripped back to its purest elements: a vast sky, a turquoise sea, and a shore of smooth, charcoal-grey stones.

What struck me first was the palette. I often think of beaches as golden, but here there was something deeply healing and magical about the cool tones of the stony shore. The dark pebbles made the Pacific Ocean look almost neon, a glacial blue that felt as though it belonged in a painting.

There are no cafés, no crowds, and no noise other than the rhythmic crunch, crunch, crunch of stones being dragged by the tide. I stood for a while, feeling the sun-warmed stones in my hand and breathing in the salt air.

New Zealand is famous for its grand mountains and deep fjords, but sometimes it is the minimal horizons that linger longest in the mind, and this was one of them. It was quite marvelous. It felt like standing at the edge of the world, where the only thing left to do is breathe.

Otaio Farm Field

Daily Photo – Farm Field on Otaio Cemetry Road

Usually I pass through Otaio and do not give the place much thought, apart from noticing the cemetery sign and wondering what it is like. On this occasion I decided to have a look. It was small, not far from the coast, and tucked between two farm fields. I strolled around for a bit, admiring the view, and read the inscriptions on the headstones, many of which were for those who never returned from World War I or World War II.

New Zealand’s contribution to the Allied war effort in World War I was massive. For a country with a population of less than one million, close to 20 percent of those eligible were recruited to serve, a higher proportion than any country except Britain. Around 100,000 New Zealand soldiers were sent to the battlefields, 17,000 of whom were killed and more than 41,000 wounded. There was barely a town or community in the entire country that was not affected. In cities, towns, and villages across New Zealand, war memorials were erected to honour the fallen. Hardly a surname was not represented, and some families lost all of their sons to the war.

George and Helen Lyall of South Canterbury had four sons who served in World War I: Gordon, William, Angus, and Hugh. Of the four who went to the battlefields, only Angus and Hugh came home. Gordon was killed in Belgium in 1917, and a year later his younger brother William lost his life in France. For the Lyalls, it was a huge family sacrifice. Four sons went overseas to serve, two were killed in action, and two returned. It was a heavy toll on one family, and one that was typical of many New Zealand households during the Great War.

Oamaru

Daily Photo – Oamaru Heritage

The only reason I headed to the heritage precinct in Oamaru was to have a look around the shops. The last time I was there, all the shops were shut, but this time they were open, so I was able to stroll in and out of the buildings and generally rummage through the shelves. But it was not anything I had not seen before, apart from the decorative bunting that hung across the street. Besides, it was a lovely warm, bright, sunny day, perfect for sitting on a nice patch of grass, having a bite to eat with a cup of coffee, and quietly deciding where to head next. And that is just what I did!

Totara Estate

Daily Photo – Domestic Sanity at Totara Estate

I came to the Totara Estate, an historic farm site managed by Heritage New Zealand and famous as the birthplace of the New Zealand frozen meat industry in the 1880s. It also kicked the country’s export industry into full gear. Before 4,460 frozen mutton and 449 frozen lamb carcasses departed Port Chalmers in Dunedin by ship in February 1882, New Zealand’s export commodities consisted largely of wool and grain. This technological breakthrough gave the country a major new export, at the same time making the world a much smaller place. And the 15,000-acre farm in North Otago known as Totara Estate sat at the very centre of this history-making achievement.

Sitting approximately eight to ten kilometres south of Oamaru, the property features wonderfully preserved 19th-century farm buildings, including a stable, cookhouse and meat-hanging sheds. The farm was a busy place, with up to 50 workers based on the estate, slaughtering between 300 and 400 sheep a day before they were cooled, sent by rail to Dunedin, frozen, and exported to London. The man behind it all was a Scot named Thomas Brydone. In short, Brydone was the practical force behind early refrigerated meat exports, the person who turned a risky idea that many did not believe was possible, into something that operated on a massive scale. In doing so, it connected New Zealand with the rest of the world and opened the door for butter and cheese to be sent to foreign shores.

The farm itself is wonderful to walk around. Even the domestic quarters have their own intrigue, with stone floors partly hollowed out by the boots of farmhands, deep knife grooves worn into old wooden tables, a kerosene lamp to read by, a tobacco jar, a hand-carved pipe, and a small washbasin. These early domestic objects offered small moments of comfort and sanity in a place that, let’s be frank, must have absolutely stank.

Hampden to Maheno

Daily Photo – Abandoned Farm House at Maheno

I pushed on through the East Otago countryside until I crossed over into the North Otago region. Here, the road continued to follow the coastline for a while before veering inland slightly, as the pastures gave way to a series of forestry plantations. Soon, the farm fields appeared once more, this time with a patchwork, checkerboard feel. On one side of the road, the paddocks would yield to classic coastline features like beaches and headlands; on the other, rolling hills connected with higher peaks that formed a natural barrier to the inland plains of Central Otago.

I passed through small settlements like Waianakarua and Herbert – both with their own unique, small-town New Zealand character. Waianakarua is particularly famous for the “Chook Tree,” or “The Big Chicken.” It is exactly what it sounds like: a chicken-shaped macrocarpa tree standing an impressive 6.6 metres high, complete with a head, body, and a Moeraki boulder for an egg. It has been a local icon since 1978 and was even awarded the 2025 New Zealand Tree of the Year – I didn’t even know such an award existed!

At one point, while passing through the community of Maheno, I stopped at Clarks Mill for a look around. It had been closed the last time I passed by, and I hoped that on this occasion it might be open, but it wasn’t. Instead, I turned my attention to an old dwelling in a nearby paddock. I imagined two old men in checked shirts sitting on the front porch, swapping tall tales and sipping whiskey long into the evening while the mill slowly went about its work.

Hampden

Daily Photo – The Hampden Soldiers’ Memorial

Hampden is one of those places most people only ever experience at 100 kilometres an hour. It slips past in the rear-view mirror as a blur of highway noise, a brief glimpse of the chippy announcing itself in a puff of steam, or people walking from the local shop with ice creams the size of their head, and then it’s gone. 

Two of the town’s more important historical events occurred within a few years of each other. The first was a visit by the newly appointed Bishop Richards, whose official arrival in February 1920 was celebrated with a special service followed by a garden party reception. The second was the unveiling of the Hampden Soldiers’ Memorial in 1922, erected on a local reserve. What made the Bishop’s visit particularly memorable was that it coincided with a sugar shortage, which had become quite the topic of conversation among local residents.

It seems Bishop Richards arrived in Hampden to find a town performing a delicate balancing act. The Bishop’s visit featured a special service followed by an elaborate afternoon tea featuring all sorts of sweet-treats, homemade of course, and requiring sugar. In the vicarage garden, parishioners maintained the polished rituals of an Anglican welcome, likely pooling their last cups of sugar to sweeten the Bishop’s tea, even as the so-called sugar famine threatened a basic commodity they relied on.

The scandal arose because one of Hampden’s two general stores had recently closed. At the time, sugar was distributed based on a store’s previous year’s turnover, meaning the remaining shop was unlikely to have been allocated the additional quota needed to serve customers from the now-closed store. The result was a town left with only half the sugar required to feed its population. A topic that was “quite the talking point” at the garden party.

The irony, of course, was that the visit from the newly appointed Bishop also brought with it a major social occasion, featuring an elaborate afternoon tea of scones, sponges, and jam tarts. Thus creating a quietly strange small-town tension between the demands of Victorian politeness and the very real anxiety of empty pantries. 

Shag Point

Daily Photo – Shag Point Reserve

Shortly after leaving Palmerston, having only just rejoined State Highway 1, I left it again and detoured through the small coastal settlement of Shag Point, a name that conjures up all sorts of wonderings about how it came to be, which I would guess is not nearly as salacious as one might think or hope. It’s a stunning coastline. In fact, at the risk of sounding controversial, I would like to suggest that the Shag Point coastline and the adjoining Katiki Beach Cove form one of the most underrated stretches of scenic coastline in the country.

Beyond the rocky promontory of Shag Point, a long sandy beach stretches for at least six kilometres, dotted with scattered volcanic boulders and with the sea sparkling in the sunlight. At the northernmost point stands a lighthouse dating back to 1878, while the southern end was occupied by Māori as far back as the fifteenth century. In the wider region, evidence from some of the earliest Polynesian settlements is thought to date back at least one thousand years. This was because the area was a popular food-gathering site for iwi, thanks to its plentiful marine life. This was where I now found myself, among an abundance of wildlife, so much so that if you are not careful you can quite literally trip over sea lions as you walk the paths that cover the headland. Something that is not quite as fun as it might sound, particularly if you have neglected to bring a spare change of underwear.

Palmerston

Daily Photo – Puketapu and the Sir John McKenzie Memorial

I was heading for Palmerston and the Sir John McKenzie Memorial, which sits on top of a prominent hill overlooking the town, near where he spent many years of his life. Given the fact that the memorial is a cairn on top of a hill that is over 300 metres high, Sir John must have been a person of some importance, which he was.

Hailing from the Ross-shire region of Scotland, he emigrated to Otago in 1860, eventually settling on a farm he named in the Shag Valley, near Palmerston. At the time, much of the land was owned by wealthy landlords who hoarded the best properties. Over time, he grew tired of this and spent years working his way up through local councils, proving that he actually knew his stuff about soil and sheep, before eventually moving to the “big leagues” in Parliament. There, he teamed up with a group called the Liberals and, when they won a massive election in 1890, he became Minister of Lands. He introduced the 999-year lease, allowing settlers with very little capital to get onto the land without having to buy it outright. He also passed the Land for Settlements Act 1894, which gave the government the power to compulsorily acquire large, under-utilised pastoral estates and subdivide them for small-scale family farming, and he established the Department of Agriculture to provide farmers with scientific advice, export grading standards, and pest control. What all this meant was that by the time soldiers returned from World War 1 they were able to purchase small parcels of land around the country and essentially start to rebuild their lives, which in turn gave birth to the Royal New Zealand Returned and Services’ Association (RSA), a fixture in every small-town across the country. Like I say, an important figure in the grand scheme of agricultural New Zealand.

When I set out, my plan had been to swing-by the monument (and tackle the arduous climb to the stop) and take in the great views that expand out in all directions and before leaving adjust my gaze over the horizon, let the wind blow through my hair and embrace the serenity. Alas, it was not to be. By the time I arrived in Palmerston, I had already spent a large portion of the morning walking boardwalks, strolling near streams, and detouring along dirt roads, leaving no time at all for my planned amble up the side of a steep hill. So, instead I settled for a view of the Sir John McKenzie Memorial from street level before returning to my vehicle and rejoining State Highway 1

Waikouaiti 

Daily Photo – Matanaka Farm in Waikouaiti 

A short drive north from Waitati of around 40 kilometres (25 miles) brings you to the community of Waikouaiti. It is a semi-rural township, with pockets of built-up housing that give way to farmland which almost entirely surrounds the town. To the east is a broad, sweeping bay with a long white sandy beach that stretches far to the south, while to the north the coastline becomes more rugged, with sharp cliffs and rolling hills.

Like so many towns around New Zealand, State Highway 1 rolls straight through it, first slowing to 70 km/h, then 50 km/h as you approach the heart of town. There is the usual collection of essentials: a dairy, pub, town hall, school, race course, museum, bakery, school and hardware store. Its origins trace back to early European arrivals, drawn by sealing and whaling before setting down more permanent roots, while the history of the local Ngāi Tahu iwi stretches back centuries before that.

And then, just like that, you are rolling out of town again into open farmland as the speed limit increases, first to 70 km/h and then to 100 km/h, past a scenic lookout and onto a winding ribbon of chip seal that carries you towards the next small town.

Waitati

Daily Photo – The Local Swimming Hole

One of the best things about reconnecting with small towns in New Zealand is the sheer, quintessential Kiwiness of the things you find. Drive through any New Zealand town and you’re liable to find oversized pieces of fruit doubling as both local art and a nod to the agricultural richness of the region, while also providing a mandatory photo-stop for tourists who pretend to be holding it in one hand. You might call in at the local dairy that has a heavily faded Tip Top sign outside, where you can buy a “single scoop” ice cream that’s the size of your head for a mere $2. You can read the community bulletin board, with handwritten notes for “Free firewood, delivery $5,” or “Missing ginger cat, last seen August 1982,” call in at public toilets that double as the town’s architectural masterpiece, or pass by fences made out of boots, bras or bicycles that have long since become national icons.

There is always a bridge with a river running underneath and a sign saying “No bungy jumping allowed,” or walk a well-worn path to the local swimming hole where the river is wider and deeper, with a rope swing precariously dangling from a leaning tree on the riverbank. It’s DIY entertainment. Shoes are optional, wearing anything more than a T-shirt and shorts is overdressed, and if the river is high, you’re more than welcome to join in and have a go, as long as you remember the local, unwritten code of ethics when lining up: no invites and no cuts allowed.

Aramoana

Daily Photo – The Aramoana Boardwalk and Saltmarsh

I was aiming for the Aramoana Boardwalk, the start of which I found at the local domain. In a matter of minutes, it took me through the Aramoana Ecological Area, with its native dunes and saltmarsh vegetation, to a viewing platform that sat over the wetlands. If ever there’s a place with too much history for its size, it’s Aramoana. A tiny village that has been the site of a massive industrial war, a national tragedy, and a silent ecological victory.

I stood on the platform and tried to imagine what the place would have looked like if the Aramoana aluminium smelter project from the 1970s had gone ahead. It would have been an unthinkable tragedy to build such a monstrosity of industry in such a lovely place. My eyes drifted from the ghost of the failed aluminium smelter to the memories that silently linger from the Aramoana massacre in the early 1990s, when an unemployed resident shot and killed 13 people before he too was shot dead by police. Standing on the platform, I looked in the other direction, to where the birdlife was flourishing in the quiet beauty of the surrounding tidal flats, one of the most important habitats for wading birds in Otago, yet entirely unaware of the horrific tragedies that had once occurred. I could help but compare the contrast between the effects of human activity and the natural environment, as the clouds passed overhead it seemed a lot to take in.  

From the boardwalk, I ventured past the memorial that stands for the 1990 tragedy and, in the ringing silence, read the names that live on in people’s memories. I drove out to where the mole, or breakwater, sits, stretching out into the sea, continuously battered by the hypnotic rhythm of the waves. On any given day, a walk along the mole or the beach can result in spotting wildlife that ranges from the usual population of birdlife to penguins, seals and sea lions. 

I didn’t have time to walk out along the mole or along the beach. So, I stood in the light breeze for a few minutes, returned to my car, and left Aramoana behind, a place that has earned its right to be left in peace.

Hamilton Bay

Daily Photo – Murray’s Boat in Hamilton Bay

On the way to Aramoana I passed bays with the names Deborah, Hamilton, Dowling and Waipuna. Just like in Port Chalmers, there were more weathered boat sheds, wonky-looking garages, gravel driveways and vessels of various shapes and sizes at anchor. At one point I stopped to watch a lone dinghy drifting in a still, sheltered bay. There was something quintessentially Kiwi about it, a boat that had clearly surrendered to the elements but refused to actually sink. It sat there with the stoic, mossy dignity of an abandoned garden shed that had somehow wandered into the tide. One gets the sense that its owner, a man probably named Barry or Murray almost certainly has used it every weekend since the 1980s, at the same mooring line, with a devotion usually reserved for religious relics or a local sports team. It is a masterclass in our ‘she’ll be right’ attitude, a vessel held together by hope, algae, duct tape and the stubborn refusal to buy anything new while there is absolutely nothing wrong with the current one.

Port Chalmers

Daily Photo – Goat and Quarantine Islands near Port Chalmers

Right on cue, as I arrived in Port Chalmers, the weather changed. The wind picked up and steadily blew down the harbour between nearby Goat and Quarantine Islands. The warm sunshine had given way to high cloud, but nevertheless there’s something about Port Chalmers that I find very likeable. It persists with a unique, isolated connection to the rest of the city and has a history that is rarely spoken about, almost as if it’s slightly embarrassing to talk about.

Long before European arrival, the area was a significant food-gathering site for Kāi Tahu and Kāti Māmoe iwi. When the first European settlers did arrive, this was the spot where they landed. The port made international history in 1882 when the first shipment of frozen meat departed Dunedin for London. It was also the final port of call for the ill-fated journey to the South Pole by Captain Robert Falcon Scott and his band of Antarctic explorers aboard the Terra Nova in 1910. This was the home of Ralph Hotere, widely considered one of New Zealand’s most important contemporary artists, the once popular Chick’s Hotel was arguably the most famous small music venue in New Zealand, and for a long time it was the gateway to Dunedin and the rest of Otago.

Upon arrival, I decided to detour from the main road through town and drove around the promontory that runs behind the wharf and eventually looks out over Sawyers Bay before leading back into town. I passed boats tucked into sheltered bays and old, weather-beaten boat sheds that sat beside the road, partially hidden by overhanging branches and vines that provided both protection and camouflage. I stopped on the side of the gravel road near a plaque commemorating the sinking of the Pride of the Yarra, which, in 1863, collided with another vessel called the Favorite just off the point where I was now standing. Thirteen people died. The subsequent inquiry and Supreme Court trial revealed that both vessels were travelling at speed in dark, foggy conditions, and that the Pride of the Yarra lacked proper lighting. This led to the acquittal of the Favorite’s crew on manslaughter charges and the implementation of stricter maritime safety regulations in Otago Harbour.

I watched the clouds roll in and the tide battle against the breeze. A car rolled past, the driver giving a friendly wave before disappearing over the rise. I returned to my vehicle and headed for Aramoana.

Dunedin City Across The Harbour

Daily Photo – Dunedin city across the harbour

From Portobello on the Otago Peninsula, I was heading for the harbour settlement of Port Chalmers on the opposite side of the harbour. I was travelling by car, and since it was such a lovely day, I decided to take what we locals call “the bottom road” to the city. The alternative route is the “top road”, which passes through the rolling farmland of the peninsula, divided by long stone walls built in the nineteenth century. The bottom road, by contrast, snakes its way around the base of the peninsula, eventually linking up with the central city.

At just 18 km, it’s a narrow, winding road that leaves little margin for error, with the cold lap of the harbour tide ever present close by. Every other month, a vehicle has to be salvaged from the harbour after a moment’s distraction results in a watery end. Unless, of course, you travel with a local. Then it’s a daring drive where every corner and porthole is known intimately.

As I drove, the weather was fine, the harbour still, and the traffic light. Across the water, the city sparkled in the warm, mid-morning sun. It was all rather fetching.

The Long and Winding Road

Daily Photo – New Zealand Road Sign

Just getting to historic locations, walking tracks, the beach, or a cup of coffee for that matter, can be an adventure in itself. While most developed nations view four-lane divided motorways as the standard for inter-city travel, here in New Zealand State Highway 1, the main artery of the country, remains in some parts a psychological relic: a winding ribbon of chip seal that connects small-town dairies and scenic lookouts. In the UK or Europe, a 300 km drive is an international expedition. In China, the G-series Expressway is a hyper-efficient conveyor belt from the future. In New Zealand, a 300 km trip often involves a quick hop over a mountain pass, three one-lane bridges, four hundred sheep, and at least one section of unsealed road where you pray for your car’s suspension. And to think there remain large stretches of the main highway that narrow down to single lanes, with speed limits as low as 35 km/h on winding bends. After which, having successfully navigated these obstacles, you find yourself stuck behind an annoyance of campervans and multiple livestock trucks for the next two hours, with no legal way to pass. Yet here’s the kicker: there’s something quite delightful about it all. For all the frustration it can bring, I wouldn’t change it at all. If you ever get the opportunity to drive the 128 km from Kaikōura to Blenheim on a fine day, or a miserable one for that matter, with its breathtaking coastal scenery and spectacular wildlife, you’ll see what I mean. You’ll be instantly hooked.

A Quiet Pause by the Otago Harbour

Daily Photo – Otago Harbour in Scattered Sunlight

There are moments along the Otago Harbour when the world seems to quieten itself, as if it has paused to take in the light. Walking the shared cycleway near Glenfalloch, I found myself stopped by the sight of sunlight scattered across the water. It shimmered in a way that felt almost theatrical, each ripple catching the sun and tossing it back like a handful of tiny stars.

I had only planned a short wander, the sort where you tell yourself you will keep moving, but the harbour had other ideas. There was something soothing about the gentle slap of the tide against the rocks and the steady rhythm of bikes passing behind me. The city was just across the water, close enough to feel familiar, yet from that spot it might as well have been a world away. Standing watching the water glitter, I was reminded that some of the best moments arrive quietly, asking only that you stop long enough to notice them.

Dowling Street in Dunedin

Daily Photo – Dowling Street in Dunedin

I had an enjoyable, meandering amble through Dunedin’s Octagon and around the streets that sit above it, where I joined a series of paths that led me back down into the city. That is where I came across a smallish street called Dowling Street. A short but steep two-block street in central Dunedin, its finest feature is the way it manages to encapsulate a multitude of layers from the city’s past. It is, I suppose, about 400 metres in length and lined on one side with a steep bank where the road was cut through a hill, while on the other stands an assortment of buildings of various ages. Further on, the street crosses the main thoroughfare of Princes Street and is surrounded by everything from office blocks to art galleries.

At first glance it doesn’t appear unique, but it is very much a living slice of history. Many of its buildings are heritage listed and their uses have evolved over time, which gives the street a layered feel. You can sense the old industrial-Dunedin, even as people live, work and create there today.

This small street has seen everything from industrial clothing manufacturing to decline after boom times to the revitalisation of art and culture. Its steep, narrow contours and worn stairway remind you of how much the city had to be reshaped, yet the area is creative and alive with galleries, studios, small businesses, creative energy and busy foot traffic. As far as streets go, it is not particularly handsome, yet it doesn’t need to be.

Long Grass near Portobello

Daily Photo – Long Grass in Summer

If there’s one thing this photo reminds me of, it’s how quickly summer settles around here. I took it near the Marine Studies Centre in Portobello on a stunning Sunday afternoon, the kind of day when the heat shimmers off the dry grass and you realise the season has truly arrived. Here in Dunedin, the daylight feels endless and the city has relaxed into what is hopefully a long warm-weather rhythm. Even the simplest scene, like these sunlit grasses, seems to hum with that easy summer energy. It’s a gentle reminder that this is the time of year built for slowing down and soaking it all in.

The Dunedin and Port Chalmers Railway Line

Daily Photo – Ravensbourne Overbridge

The Dunedin and Port Chalmers railway line has the distinction of being New Zealand’s first public railway. The story begins in the early 1870s, Otago was booming from the gold rush and Dunedin was effectively the country’s commercial capital. As Dunedin grew, the nearby docks at Port Chalmers became the region’s lifeline with everything being shuttled by horse, cart, or boats around the harbour. Eventually, a fast, reliable railway link between the harbour and the city was considered essential and the new line promised speed, efficiency, and a bit of flair.

The work was undertaken by the Otago Provincial Council who controversially gave the contract to a British firm called John Brogden and Sons. The Brogdens were Victorian railway builders of the formidable, moustachioed variety. They arrived with boatloads of workers, crates of equipment and a confidence that suggested they knew what they were doing. 

It was then that things got messy. Many of the workers arrived expecting plenty of work and good wages, only to discover there wasn’t, conditions were poor, the workers were often drunk, there were wage disputes, demands for better housing while the Brogdens’ were accused of inflated claims, and demands for extra payments. Not only was progress slow, the whole project became an administrative, political and financial tug-of-war between local and central government. All of which made the project a pretty consistent mess for a simple 12 twelve kilometres of track. The line itself was not simple. The track had to thread its way along the steep harbour edge, where cliffs met water and space was tight, extensive cuttings and embankments were required and many large stone retaining walls were required to make the track safe. 

Fortunately, the line was finished in time and officially opened on 31 December 1873 and almost immediately transformed the movement of merchants, passengers, mail, and freight between the port and the city. Unfortunately, for John Brogden & Sons, by the 1880s their business empire had collapsed and they were financial ruined.

Classic Coastal New Zealand

Daily Photo – Boats at Moeraki Fishing Village

I was ambling around the Moeraki Fishing Village, enjoying that quiet feeling you get when a place is perfectly happy without you. The sky was doing its best impression of a damp woolen blanket and the sea had settled into a gentle green that looked far more inviting than it felt. Two upturned boats rested on the concrete like old friends who had decided to lie down for a spell. The blue one was peeling like a sunburnt tourist, while the white one still looked hopeful that someone might flip it over and take it for a spin. Neither seemed in a hurry.

Out on the water a handful of boats bobbed about, each one appearing to be minding its own business. The ruins of an ancient jetty leaned into the shallows, holding itself together out of sheer habit. You could almost hear it sigh every time a wave nudged it. At the same time, nearby a local fish and chip shop was sending out hot parcels at a pace that suggested they were keeping the entire village fed. It felt like classic coastal New Zealand, simple and quietly wonderful.

Oamaru (2 of 3)

Daily Photo – Oamaru – The Opera House

Just up the road, the gallery-like quality of the streets started to show. The buildings are so confidently built, so unapologetically ornate, that you can almost hear the masons who shaped the stone congratulating themselves from the afterlife. The Opera House loomed into view next, and honestly, it is one of those structures that makes you pause. The tower, the details, the improbable brightness of the limestone in the late light all work together to create a scene that never feels tired no matter how many times you photograph it.

Every corner had something unexpected. A quiet side street where sunlight hit peeling paint in a way that felt cinematic. A row of heritage shopfronts that looked like they belonged in a much larger city. A crossroads framed by Oamaru’s heritage backdrop.

Early Morning on George Street

Daily Photo – Early Morning on George Street

I was up early. I don’t know why, I just was. So, with time to spare before I had to be anywhere of note, I went for a walk in the city centre. I’d half expected it to be filled with delivery vans coming and going from the various establishments that lined the main street, while baristas and bakers prepared for an early morning onset of locals wanting a fix of coffee and something made of pastry to start the day. But I was wrong. There was hardly a soul around. A few enthusiastic souls passed on their way to a nearby gym, moving with that purposeful stride, yet apart from them, the city was remarkably quiet. The entire place had the look of a place that wasn’t sure it wanted to be awake yet, as though it had been nudged from a perfectly good dream and was now blinking at the day in mild protest.

As I moved down the street, the sun began to peek over the rooftops, sending soft, warm light across the buildings opposite. It caught the glass frontage of the Wall Street Mall, and the pale façades along the street glowed gently, their details becoming clearer as the light moved down the walls. There was a calmness to the place. Shop windows stood still and silent. Even the plants along the street seemed to be taking their time. It felt like a small moment of peace in the middle of the city, a reminder that some of the best views happen long before the crowds arrive.

The Town That Vanished: On the Trail of Gold in Hindon

Daily Photo – Hindon & The Silverpeaks

I spent a good few hours of the afternoon in Hindon for two reasons. Firstly, I couldn’t remember the last time I’d visited the place, and a strenuous adventure along unpaved, steep, narrow, and winding roads that featured a shared road-and-rail bridge with sharp bends and steep drop-offs  seemed just the thing.

My second, and more compelling, reason for going was that I wanted to see the settlement where nearly 1,200 miners once swarmed the gullies and terraces in the hope of striking it rich. After Gabriel Reid discovered gold in a small gully near the Otago town of Lawrence in 1861, everyone went absolutely bonkers. Within weeks, the population of Dunedin skyrocketed as news of his discovery spread and hopeful prospectors poured into the newly found goldfields. One of the settlements that sprang up almost overnight was a small township in the Silverpeaks range near Dunedin, called Hindon. However, as with most gold rushes, once the gold ran out, the miners quickly moved on to new fields, while the real fortunes were made by the merchants selling shovels, the innkeepers charging exorbitant fees for a night’s rest, and those who realised that gold is often easier to extract from the desperate than from the earth itself.

Old Taieri Ferry Road Bridge

Daily Photo – Old Taieri Ferry Road Bridge

After the turn-off to Henley, the road slipped into that gentle kind of countryside where nothing much seems to happen, and that’s exactly the appeal. A few paddocks, a weathered mailbox or two, and then a striking red bridge appears, stretching over the Taieri River. The ironwork, a splash of colour against the green hillside and blue water below, it was all very pleasant.

I knew I should probably have kept going straight to Milton, but curiosity gets the better of me when I’m on the road. So I stopped, wandered down to the riverbank, and admired how the bridge stood and its surroundings. There’s a stillness to places like this that you don’t get anywhere near a highway.

Later on, I learned the river was once crossed by punt long before any structure like this existed. I remember once reading that the old Taieri Ferry was one of several operating along the river in the 1800s, a simple wooden flat-bottomed craft that carried farmers, travellers, and the odd cartload of sheep across, depending on the season and the river’s mood. Before bridges, these ferries were lifelines, often run by local families who knew the currents as well as their neighbours.

If there’s one thing I’ve learned about travelling through South Otago, it’s that the detours are always worth it. They’re where you find the places that don’t try to impress you, they just quietly invite you to pause, look, and imagine all the small stories that have passed this way before.

The Small Village of Aramoana

Daily Photo – The Small Village of Aramoana

I headed for the small village of Aramoana. It was here, in 1880, that Englishman Sir John Coode came up with a plan. To protect Otago Harbour’s entrance from silting, he decided to try and direct the tidal flow. His idea was simple: cleverly design two moles at the head of the harbour,one jutting out from Taiaroa Head and the other from Aramoana. However, due to some miscalculations with the budget, the Harbour Board only had the finances to complete the mole at Aramoana. Even then, it was built to only half the height of Sir John’s specifications, and by the 1920s storm damage had destroyed a large portion of it.

And speaking of Aramoana, here’s a fact for you. Eighty species of moths have been recorded on the Aramoana saltmarsh, and, further to that, the tidal flats there are the most important habitat for wading birds in Otago. While we’re on the subject of birds, when hoiho penguins (like the ones that live in the dunes near Keyhole Rock) go out to sea to feed, they travel up to fifteen kilometres from shore and down to depths of a hundred metres.

Yet we wouldn’t have all that if they’d gone ahead and built an aluminium smelter here in the mid-1970s. The idea, apparently, was to turn this quiet stretch of beach and dunes into an industrial complex of pipes, smoke, and humming machinery, a sort of “progress at any cost” scheme. Locals were, quite understandably, horrified. The thought of bulldozers trundling over sand where penguins nested didn’t exactly inspire confidence in the future of mankind. Protests were held, signs were painted, and Aramoana very nearly became a synonym for environmental heartbreak. Thank goodness Aramoana was saved.